Abstract: Historically, neuroscience paid little if any attention to sex influences outside a limited area of reproductive functions. But all that is changing, and ever rapidly, with a flurry of discoveries the past 10 years in particular about sex influences on brain function down to the molecular level. My area of emotional memory is no exception. This talk will examine these developments, and detail how they are apparently irreversibly, and fundamentally, altering how the NIH funds not just neuroscience, but all of biological science.