In this talk, I will present findings from two of my longitudinal studies that systematically compare rates of gestural and vocal communication across the first two years of life. The findings from this research reveal that the bulk of activity in the first and second year of life are in the vocal domain rather than gestural, suggesting a more foundational role of voice. I will propose a framework to allow comparable counting of communicative and/or potentially communicative events of both infant gesture and vocalization. To date, clear definitions and criteria for classification have not been a major focus of empirical investigation on gesture and vocalization as language foundations in prior research. I will also outline my current study on understanding the ways older infants continue to babble and speak and the ways caregivers respond to these communications and then present some of the methodology for conducting this work. I will conclude with thoughts on the broader implications of my findings and future directions of my program of research.